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Challenge 2：Coal-dominated energy structure
•Chinese coal production accounted half of world’s total coal output;
•Coal still occupied 65% of total primary energy consuption in 2014 even if the coal production began to decre...
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Challenge 2：Coal-dominated energy structure
•Chinese coal production accounted half of world’s total coal output;
•Coal still occupied 65% of total primary energy consuption in 2014 even if the coal production began to decrease after successive 14 years growth;
•Excessive reliance on coal results in serious eco-envrionment and security problems;
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In order to quickly and accurately evaluate the effect of fruit tree branch bending in apple orchard production process, a quantitative detection method of fruit tree branch bending effect based on SURF algorithm was proposed This...
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In order to quickly and accurately evaluate the effect of fruit tree branch bending in apple orchard production process, a quantitative detection method of fruit tree branch bending effect based on SURF algorithm was proposed This study takes the three-year-old red Fuji apple tree in Yishui, Shandong Province as an example. Firstly, the image information of apple tree after branch bending operation was collected, and the binary image of apple tree branches was extracted by threshold method. Secondly, the skeleton extraction algorithm based on Euclidean distance transform is used to extract the skeleton image of fruit tree and determine the skeleton image of fruit tree trunk, extract all the pixels in the short neighborhood of the trunk, and use SURF algorithm to detect and locate the intersection of fruit tree trunk and branch. Then, the angle of fruit tree branch is calculated by using cosine theorem, and the quantitative results are obtained by comparing with the requirements of apple tree agronomic production. Finally, two groups of data were obtained by using the fruit tree branch bending detection method based on SURF algorithm and the artificial detection method respectively, and the significant difference between the two groups was tested. After testing, there is no significant difference between the two groups of data. At the same time, it takes 8.024 minutes to detect 100 fruit tree branch angle by using the quantitative detection method based on SURF algorithm, which is much less than the manual measurement time. Therefore, the quantitative detection method of fruit tree branch bending effect based on SURF algorithm can quickly and accurately measure the angle of fruit tree branch, and provide scientific basis for modern management and intelligent production of apple orchard.
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摘要 :
In order to quickly and accurately evaluate the effect of fruit tree branch bending in apple orchard production process, a quantitative detection method of fruit tree branch bending effect based on SURF algorithm was proposed This...
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In order to quickly and accurately evaluate the effect of fruit tree branch bending in apple orchard production process, a quantitative detection method of fruit tree branch bending effect based on SURF algorithm was proposed This study takes the three-year-old red Fuji apple tree in Yishui, Shandong Province as an example. Firstly, the image information of apple tree after branch bending operation was collected, and the binary image of apple tree branches was extracted by threshold method. Secondly, the skeleton extraction algorithm based on Euclidean distance transform is used to extract the skeleton image of fruit tree and determine the skeleton image of fruit tree trunk, extract all the pixels in the short neighborhood of the trunk, and use SURF algorithm to detect and locate the intersection of fruit tree trunk and branch. Then, the angle of fruit tree branch is calculated by using cosine theorem, and the quantitative results are obtained by comparing with the requirements of apple tree agronomic production. Finally, two groups of data were obtained by using the fruit tree branch bending detection method based on SURF algorithm and the artificial detection method respectively, and the significant difference between the two groups was tested. After testing, there is no significant difference between the two groups of data. At the same time, it takes 8.024 minutes to detect 100 fruit tree branch angle by using the quantitative detection method based on SURF algorithm, which is much less than the manual measurement time. Therefore, the quantitative detection method of fruit tree branch bending effect based on SURF algorithm can quickly and accurately measure the angle of fruit tree branch, and provide scientific basis for modern management and intelligent production of apple orchard.
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This paper deals with important recent developments in the technologies, engineering and analysis, and regulatory provisions relating to arctic EER. The regulatory performance based regime has necessitated the development of t...
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This paper deals with important recent developments in the technologies, engineering and analysis, and regulatory provisions relating to arctic EER. The regulatory performance based regime has necessitated the development of tools for the evaluation and setting of performance based goals such as availability and reliability requirements mirrored in current draft Transport Canada and ISO standards. To facilitate the reliability assessment and consequent setting of reliability targets in the Canadian standards, a multifaceted research and development program was initiated in parallel with its regulatory developments. Full scale manned and model tests, engineering and computer simulation, and world wide consultations and studies on human performance in life threatening conditions, comprise this R & D programme.
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The integrated solar energy-driven chiller combined cycle system (SCCC) has a problem of low annual solar energy utilization. The solar thermal efficiency and power output of the traditional integrated solar combined cycle system ...
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The integrated solar energy-driven chiller combined cycle system (SCCC) has a problem of low annual solar energy utilization. The solar thermal efficiency and power output of the traditional integrated solar combined cycle system (ISCC) are limited by the integrated solar mirror field area and Rankine cycle efficiency. This paper presents a new system, on the basis of the combined cycle system with the three pressure HRSG with reheat, the solar energy is integrated into the chiller for cooling the compressor inlet air of gas turbine and the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) for increasing the power output simultaneously. The Aspen Plus, TRNSYS and EBSILON softwares are applied in this paper to build the models of the overall system. The solar thermal efficiency, annual solar power generation and annual solar thermal efficiency are used to evaluate the performances of the new system, the traditional ISCC system and SCCC system. During the summer solstice, the proportions of solar energy used in cooling and heating are set as 40% and 60% in new system, respectively. The research results show that the new system has a higher power output (406.37MW), thermal cycle efficiency (53.61%) and solar thermal efficiency (48.85%) compared with the traditional ISCC system (385.63MW, 51.67%, and 24.43%, respectively) at the design point. The new system can regulates the proportions of solar energy used in the chiller and HRSG based on the monthly meteorological data, in order to maximize the annual solar energy utilization and annual solar power generation. The new system's annual solar energy utilization hours (2071h) and solar power generation (25.863GWh) are far greater than those of SCCC system (1498h, 18.185GWh, respectively). Therefore, the proposed new system with the simultaneous integrations of solar energy with both the chiller and HRSG not only greatly increases the utilization rate of solar energy, but also has the significant thermodynamic advantages.
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摘要 :
The integrated solar energy-driven chiller combined cycle system (SCCC) has a problem of low annual solar energy utilization. The solar thermal efficiency and power output of the traditional integrated solar combined cycle system ...
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The integrated solar energy-driven chiller combined cycle system (SCCC) has a problem of low annual solar energy utilization. The solar thermal efficiency and power output of the traditional integrated solar combined cycle system (ISCC) are limited by the integrated solar mirror field area and Rankine cycle efficiency. This paper presents a new system, on the basis of the combined cycle system with the three pressure HRSG with reheat, the solar energy is integrated into the chiller for cooling the compressor inlet air of gas turbine and the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) for increasing the power output simultaneously. The Aspen Plus, TRNSYS and EBSILON softwares are applied in this paper to build the models of the overall system. The solar thermal efficiency, annual solar power generation and annual solar thermal efficiency are used to evaluate the performances of the new system, the traditional ISCC system and SCCC system. During the summer solstice, the proportions of solar energy used in cooling and heating are set as 40% and 60% in new system, respectively. The research results show that the new system has a higher power output (406.37MW), thermal cycle efficiency (53.61%) and solar thermal efficiency (48.85%) compared with the traditional ISCC system (385.63MW, 51.67%, and 24.43%, respectively) at the design point. The new system can regulates the proportions of solar energy used in the chiller and HRSG based on the monthly meteorological data, in order to maximize the annual solar energy utilization and annual solar power generation. The new system's annual solar energy utilization hours (2071h) and solar power generation (25.863GWh) are far greater than those of SCCC system (1498h, 18.185GWh, respectively). Therefore, the proposed new system with the simultaneous integrations of solar energy with both the chiller and HRSG not only greatly increases the utilization rate of solar energy, but also has the significant thermodynamic advantages.
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The salt strata have an important role in control of the hydrocarbon accumulation factors including hydrocarbon's generation migration accumulation and preservation. The salt strata also bring challenges to exploration technologie...
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The salt strata have an important role in control of the hydrocarbon accumulation factors including hydrocarbon's generation migration accumulation and preservation. The salt strata also bring challenges to exploration technologies. Physical and numerical simulation experiments show that the major forming reasons of salt structure are gravity slip and differential compaction in PreCaspian basin. The physical simulations of hydrocarbon accumulation show that the large-scale structures and lithostratigraphic (including reefs) reservoirs are formed in the subsalt strata and traps associated with salt structures are generally formed in the post salt strata. The identification of subsalt traps and reservoir prediction are researched. The subsalt traps are recognized through salt dome characterization, pre-stack depth migration, forward modeling. The carbonate reservoirs are predicted by the laboratory analysis, petro-physical analysis, multi-wavelet decomposition and seismic inversion.
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In the context of new-type urbanization, small town is playing an important position in social and economic development.This thesis took small town as research object, discussing the nature and characteristics of small towns' land...
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In the context of new-type urbanization, small town is playing an important position in social and economic development.This thesis took small town as research object, discussing the nature and characteristics of small towns' landscape and analyzing the strengths and weakness of small town development, finally, bringing the principles and targets of small towns landscape planning.Furthermore, considering the steps of small town landscape planning, it constructed a small town landscape planning process model which can explore and integrate small town landscape resources, form resources utilization patterns and spatial layout.Meanwhile, the study case--landscape strategic planning of Jiehu Town, Yinan County, Linyi city of Shandong Province, utilized this landscape planning process model successfully and amendment the model in practice.
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